ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The paradigm of biological systems provides a framework to quantify the behavior of biological processes. Mathematical modeling is one of the analytical tools of biological systems used to reproduce the variables of a system for prediction. This article presents the analysis of muscular contraction, the physiological process responsible of generating force in skeletal muscle, from the point of view of mathematical modeling. The aim is to provide numerical evidences about the force generated by the sarcomere, and the energy required to produce such a force. The proposed scheme includes a model to activate the contractile cycle, based on the action potential that reaches the neuromuscular junction, the calcium release into the sarcoplasm, the contraction response, and the quantification of the energy that the sarcomere requires to perform mechanical work. The results shows that the proposed scheme is acceptable because it reproduces experimental data of force, velocity, and energy reported in the literature. The results of the proposed scheme are encouraging to scale the model at the muscle or muscle group level, in such a way that the quantification of energy can be an alternative to the indirect estimation methods of energy consumption that currently exist.
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN La diabetes es una pandemia mundial cuya incidencia ha aumentado en las últimas décadas. Por tal motivo, es prioritario proponer estrategias para su diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento. Uno de los enfoques recientes en el tratamiento de la diabetes es el monitoreo continuo, el cual permite tener suficiente información sobre el estado metabólico del paciente a lo largo del día. Esta información puede servir para simular pacientes virtuales que sean herramientas para proponer estrategias de tratamiento. Por tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación es proponer una interfaz visual que simule pacientes virtuales, a partir de un conjunto de modelos matemáticos compartimentales que permiten ingresar parámetros del metabolismo y modificaciones en el tratamiento. El desarrollo de la interfaz se realizó en MATLAB® y simula tres tipos de pacientes (sano, diabético tipo I y diabético tipo II). Los resultados muestran una interfaz que presenta de manera ilustrativa el funcionamiento de los modelos matemáticos y permite una visualización del estado metabólico del paciente; así como el manejo de medicamentos e ingesta. Una limitante de esta investigación es la validación de la interfaz con datos experimentales de los tres tipos de pacientes. Una vez validada, esta herramienta aportaría en el desarrollo de tecnología in silico para la generación de pacientes virtuales.
ABSTRACT Diabetes is a pandemic disease whose incident rate has been rising in the last decades. Therefore, it is important to propose strategies for its diagnosis, treatment and monitoring. One of the recent approaches on diabetes treatment is the continuous monitoring, which provides enough information about the metabolic state of the patient throughout the day. This information can be used to simulate virtual patients which are useful tools in treatment strategies. Thus, the objective of this research is to propose a visual interface to simulate virtual patients, this is based on compartmental mathematical models considering changes in metabolic parameters and treatment modifications. The interface was made in MATLAB® and simulates three kinds of patients (healthy, type I diabetic, type II diabetic). The results show an interface that presents the functionality of the mathematical models in an illustrative way and it allows the visualization of the metabolic state of the patient; as well as the medication usage and meal intake. A limitation of this approach is the validation of the interface with experimental data of the three kinds of patients. Once it was validated, this tool could contribute to the development of in silico technology to generate virtual patients.